What food is best for brain function?

Our brain needs certain nutrients to function properly, which translates to better cognitive performance - something we've all felt we need from time to time. Eating the right foods for your brain - or brain food - can also help protect it from deterioration.

How does food affect your brain?

Got a big test coming up? Huge project at work? Or just feel you need to think a bit clearer. Your diet can play a big part in this.

Dr Deborah Lee of Dr Fox Online Pharmacy explains what foods you should be eating to get the best out of your brain.

"Fresh foods contain high levels of health-giving antioxidants which protect the cells of the body from DNA damage. Oxidative stress is a major cause of many of the diseases we see today - heart disease, type2 diabetes, cancer, depression, and dementia."

Dr Lee says obesity is also linked to poor brain health, with a lot of research linking being overweight to poor cognitive performance.

"Obesity is often linked to poor dietary habits, with excess consumption of high-fat and high-sugar foods, and often processed foods, which are also high in salt and additives, also detrimental to brain function. It is a significant risk factor for dementia," she adds.

MIND your diet

Let's take a look at how you can ensure you're eating well for your brain power.

What is the MIND diet?

Dr Lee says that the best diet to follow to ensure you're getting the right nutrients is the MIND diet - a combination of the Mediterranean diet and the DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) diet.

"The MIND diet was developed after research studies showed that eating large quantities of vegetables was linked to a slower rate of cognitive decline. The best effects were related to the highest consumption of green leafy vegetables and berries," she explains.

"Plant foods are rich in flavonoids, plant substances which have physiological and biochemical benefits for human health. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties."

A 2015 study of more than 1,000 elderly people without dementia, who were asked to complete a dietary questionnaire over 10 years, found those with the highest intake of MIND foods had the slowest risk of cognitive decline and lowest risk of dementia¹.

Dr Lee suggests you aim for three portions of whole grains a day, one portion of leafy green veg a day, two portions of any other veg a day, and two portions of berries per week.

She also suggests eating oily fish at least once a week and two portions of poultry per week. Nuts are also on the menu, with a recommended five portions a week.

When is the best time to eat?

While it's important to eat healthy as often as you can, the time you eat some of these brain foods can also play a role in how your brain functions.

"In the mornings, when you wake from sleep, this is a time for your brain to have an influx of nutrients such as whole grains, berries, protein and caffeine," Dr Lee says.

Unfortunately, it's bad news for the late night snackers. Dietary experts agree that eating late in the evening can contribute to obesity and poor sleep patterns. The advice is avoid eating after 8 pm.

"If you need to snack before bed, nuts can be a good choice," Dr Lee adds. "Walnuts contain magnesium and pistachios contain melatonin, both of which aid sleep. Natural yoghurt, which is made with live cultures so it contains probiotics, with fruit such as cherries, which are high in melatonin, can also be a good suggestion."

What foods are good for brain function?

Dr Lee and dietician Helen Bond of the British Dietetic Association have shared their top foods for brain function:

• B vitamins - found in eggs, poultry, other meat, oily fish, fresh fruit, leafy green vegetables, wholegrain bread and some fortified breakfast cereals.
• Niacin - found in fish, poultry and eggs. If you're vegan look for nuts, seeds and whole grains.
• Vitamin C - found in berries, citrus fruits, green vegetables.
• Magnesium - found in green leafy vegetables, nuts, whole grains.
• Zinc - found in eggs, cheese, nuts, seeds and meat, poultry and fish.
• Iron - lean red meat, oily fish, green leafy vegetables, fortified cereals.
• Omega 3 - rich in oily fish like sardines, salmon, herring and mackerel.
• Vitamin K - found in green leafy vegetables, soy products and eggs.

Bond reminds us that plenty of water is essential for brain function, as is good sleep and regular exercise.

"Our brains are made up of around 75% water, so it follows that drinking water is vital for healthy brain function and good mental health. Dehydration can affect cognitive performance and motor function including fatigue, mood, concentration, short-term and long-term memory, and attention," she says.

Brain food recipes

Further reading

1. Morris et al: MIND diet slows cognitive decline with aging.